Charles William Siemens was a German-born engineer who moved to England as a young man and became a naturalized British subject, building a career separate from that of his elder brother Werner von Siemens. He developed the regenerative furnace, a design that captures the waste heat from a furnace's exhaust gases and uses it to preheat the incoming fuel and combustion air, sharply improving the fuel efficiency of industrial heating. The principle became central to the open-hearth process used across the steel and glass industries for generations, and Siemens also worked on long-distance submarine telegraph cables and electrical generator design through the company he founded in Britain, Siemens Brothers.
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