Large stationary batteries that store energy in liquid electrolytes or in molten salts and are built for grid storage, such as vanadium redox flow batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries and ZEBRA batteries. A technology belongs here when its cited article describes a flow battery or a molten salt battery. It excludes small solid-electrode rechargeable cells. These batteries are built for stationary storage, either pumping liquid electrolytes through a cell stack or running at high temperature with a molten electrode, so their capacity can be scaled up. A technology is placed here by the cited article.
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Flow and Molten Salt Batteries
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Vanadium redox battery - Wikipedia
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The vanadium redox battery (VRB), also known as the vanadium flow battery (VFB) or vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), is a type of rechargeable flow battery which employs vanadium ions as charge carriers.
Wikipedia: Sodium-Sulfur Battery
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A sodium-sulfur (NaS) battery is a type of molten-salt battery that uses liquid sodium and liquid sulfur electrodes.
Wikipedia: ZEBRA battery
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The ZEBRA battery is a type of rechargeable molten salt battery based on commonly available and low-cost materials, primarily nickel metal, the sodium and chloride from conventional table salt, as well beta-alumina solid electrolyte.
Wikipedia: Flow battery
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A flow battery, or redox flow battery (after reduction-oxidation), is a type of electrochemical cell where chemical energy is provided by two chemical components dissolved in liquids that are pumped through the system on separate sides of a membrane.
Molten-salt battery - Wikipedia
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Molten-salt batteries are a class of battery that uses molten salts as an electrolyte and offers both a high energy density and a high power density.
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