Heterojunction solar cells, or HJT, also known as silicon heterojunctions or heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer cells, are a family of photovoltaic cell technologies built around a heterojunction formed between semiconductors with dissimilar band gaps. Silicon heterojunction solar panels are commercially mass-produced in high volumes for residential and utility markets, and as of 2023 the silicon heterojunction architecture had the highest cell efficiency of any mass-produced silicon solar cell design.
Facts
Technology TypeHybrid Crystalline/Thin-Film Photovoltaic Cell 2 Invented YearMarks the earliest published heterojunction a-Si/c-Si solar cell result at over 12 percent efficiency; Sanyo trademarked its commercial HIT product in the early 1990s. Classification
MaturityTRL 9: Actual System Proven in Operational Environment 1 Sources
1. Heterojunction solar cell - Wikipedia
Technology maturity, Wikipedia introduction extract fetched 2026-09-25Quote, Technology maturity, Wikipedia introduction extract fetched 2026-09-25
As a result, the electrodes are commonly composed of a low curing temperature silver paste, or uncommonly a silver-coated copper paste or electroplated copper.
2. Wikipedia
Wikimedia FoundationLead section
Heterojunction solar cells (HJT), variously known as Silicon heterojunctions (SHJ) or Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer (HIT), are a family of photovoltaic cell technologies based on a heterojunction formed between semiconductors with dissimilar band gaps. They are a hybrid technology, combining aspects of conventional crystalline solar cells with thin-film solar cells.
Development history
Heterojunction solar cells using amorphous and crystalline silicon were developed with a conversion efficiency of more than 12% in 1983.
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