The Nord Stream Pipeline Project comprised two successive twin-pipeline systems built under the Baltic Sea to carry Russian natural gas directly to Germany, bypassing transit states such as Ukraine, Poland and Belarus. The first pipeline pair, built by a consortium led by Russia's Gazprom between 2010 and 2012, entered service supplying gas to European markets; a second pair, Nord Stream 2, was built between 2018 and 2021 but faced sustained political opposition from the United States and several European governments and was never certified for commercial operation. In September 2022, months after Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, undersea explosions ruptured three of the four pipeline strings, ending gas flows through the system.
Facts
Project Type LocationRussia and Germany (under the Baltic Sea) 1 Completion Year StatusNord Stream 1 completed 2012 and operated until 2022; Nord Stream 2 completed 2021 but never entered commercial service; both lines were damaged by underwater explosions in September 2022 2 ScaleTwo parallel twin-pipeline systems under the Baltic Sea with a combined design capacity of about 110 billion cubic meters of gas per year 2 Connections
Uses Source
Undersea pipeline construction project carrying natural gas from Russia to Germany.
Sources
1. Encyclopedia Britannica
2. International Energy Agency Official Site
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